Nature has endowed women with the most beautiful and greatest task of mankind, and that is giving birth and motherhood. The pain that women feel at birth is characterized as the worst pain that they can experience during their lifetime. There are numerous factors that affect sensitivity and response to pain, and the intensity of pain increases analogously with the progress of childbirth. Due to a plethora of natural analgesics that are released by the human organism, the sensitivity is reduced, and an altered perception of pain ensues. This allows mothers to give birth without additional analgesics and methods of painless birth. Nonetheless, the pain that is present during contractions and labour is considered one of the most severe pains. Ideal analgesia should, therefore, completely relieve the pain of birth and not result in any side effects among mothers. All analgesic agents used during birth have their own specificities and restrictions, while special attention should be paid to the potential development of infections and inflammatory complications. Today, anaesthesia is an integral and inseparable part of obstetrics. This thesis describes the possibilities of analgesia use during the delivery and anaesthesia use for the Caesarean section. Most important features, advantages and disadvantages of each particular method are thoroughly described. The aim of this paper is to define anaesthesia and analgesia, their usage during and after delivery, as well as possible complications – particularly those of inflammatory/infectious nature. The thesis focuses on nursing interventions regarding prevention of complications, and the importance of nursing care in the use of analgesia in birth.