According to the definition first defined by H. Tscherne in 1984, "polytrauma is a simultaneous severe injury to at least two body regions where at least one injury, or a combination of several, is life-threatening." It covers life-threatening injuries that most commonly occur in traffic accidents, falls from heights and the action of firearms. Despite improved traffic safety and safety at work, as well as significant advances in prehospital and hospital treatment, severe trauma is the most common cause of death for people under 40 years of age. In the assessment of polytrauma, it is necessary to determine the type of injury and the involvement of organs and organ systems so that the patient can be adequately cared for in accordance with the guidelines for the care of a patient with polytrauma. Trauma assessment scales began to be used more than 30 years ago to assign numerical values to anatomical lesions and physiological changes. They are used to stratify patients with trauma and to measure the severity of the lesion, and results that include both anatomical and physiological criteria (mixed results) are useful for predicting the outcome of polytrauma. Initial treatment of a patient with polycarum begins with a primary clinical examination, the most important and first steps of this evaluation include assessment of airway patency, respiration, and circulation (A-B-C); followed by damage and exposure to the environment. After the patient arrives at the emergency department of the health institution, the transition from initial care to more definitive treatment of injuries is made. Specialized diagnostic tests are performed to confirm injuries that are potentially life-threatening, but only after completion of initial care and stabilization of hemodynamic and respiratory status. Nurses have a key role to play in the care of polytraumatized patients, as as coordinators of the care team they must define and determine the priority care to be implemented and establish prevention and treatment measures.