Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine in all three planes, and today it occurs more and more often due to a sedentary lifestyle. A person who has scoliosis usually keeps his posture in a passive form due to hypotonia or hypertension of the musculature. According to the etiology, we can divide them into two large groups: functional and structural. Functional are divided into postural and compensatory, and structural into congenital and acquired (idiopathic) scoliosis. Factors influencing the occurrence of scoliosis are most often sudden growth at puberty, genetic predispositions, neurological deficits, changes in muscles and connective structures, but most often the problem is lifestyle, or too little physical activity. They are more common in girls than in boys and create major health and aesthetic problems. Diagnostic methods used to establish scoliosis or scoliotic posture are a clinical examination that includes specific tests, the possibility of X-rays, CT, magnetic resonance imaging. Scoliosis is treated conservatively with the help of physical activity, corrective gymnastics and the use of orthoses. The use of kinesio tape, swimming and hippotherapy show high efficiency in the correction of scoliosis. Scoliosis needs to be detected as early as possible and treatment started on time to prevent possible complications. Before surgical treatment, if necessary, it is important to implement all conservative methods of treatment, which are more and more common today. In the rehabilitation of scoliosis, the cooperation of all team members is necessary, including the patient and his family. The development of scoliosis and scoliotic posture can be prevented by educating the population about the usefulness of movement and physical activity and proper habits of sitting, standing, walking and carrying loads.