Intravenous catheters, peripheral or central are indispensable in patient care. Their application is associated with the possibility of a number of complications, infectious and non-infectious. Most published studies and clinical guidelines mainly focus on the infections related to central venous catheters, while literature on peripheral catheter infections is significantly scarcer, although they pose a high risk of infection. Many authors suggest that the incidence of adverse events related to peripheral venous catheters is underestimated in healthcare facilities. The knowledge of nurses and technicians about the proper management of intravenous catheters and early recognition of risk factors can reduce the incidence of complications. Between April 6th and July 6th 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with an online questionnaire on the prevention of vascular catheter-related infections. The questionnaire was completed by a total of 122 nurses and technicians employed in intensive care units throughout the Republic of Croatia. The research assessed the knowledge of nurses/technicians on the prevention of given infections and gained insight into the frequency and differences in the implementation of preventive measures in everyday work. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in processing and data analysis. The data analysis obtained found that participants had better knowledge on the prevention of infections associated with peripheral intravenous catheters. The highest possible achievable result was 8. The arithmetic mean on the prevention of infections test associated with the use of peripheral catheters was M = 4.63, and on the knowledge test about the prevention of infections associated with central catheters M = 3.13. No significant positive correlation was found between the results on the infection prevention knowledge test and the implementation of preventive measures. By comparing the obtained results on the frequency of application of preventive measures in work with peripheral and central venous catheters, it was found that on average, higher results were obtained from participants on the questionnaire for the application of preventive measures in daily work with central venous catheters. The results obtained on the test indicated a lack of knowledge of nurses/technicians. Masters in nursing as educators are instrumental in laying the groundwork for improving the activities of nurses/technicians regarding infection control. As leaders of teams or departments, they are role models for other nurses and technicians. Leadership implies a continuous assessment of departmental work and the introduction of changes to raise the quality of the healthcare and care provided.