Repetition of the same or similar movements is the pattern that causes shin splints syndrome. Such repeated movements cause microtrauma to the tissues, and the problem arises when such trauma exceeds the tissue's ability to recover. The most common symptom of the respective overexertion syndrome or runner's shin syndrome is discomfort and sensitivity to palpation of the affected area. The people who are most often affected by this overexertion syndrome are professional and amateur runners, thus one of the causes of the syndrome in question during running is when the foot is in contact with the ground with the front part of the foot with a lack of contact between the heel and the ground. In order to be able to properly diagnose shin splints syndrome, it is necessary to have a proper knowledge of the anatomy of the knee and lower leg, as well as the biomechanics of walking and running. Gait is a set of uniform and alternating coordinated movements of the limbs and trunk with the aim of moving from one location to another in space, more precisely the act of transferring the body anteriorly and maintaining balance in this dynamic. The gait cycle is divided into two phases, support and swing. The walk is divided in detail into 8 sub - phases. The first 5 sub - phases represent the support phase, and the rest represent the swing phase. Diagnostics is very complex for the syndrome in question, therefore it is carried out through several stages, namely history, observation, tests and measurements. Several other diagnoses are described in the paper that can be the cause or cause of shin splints syndrome, but can also end up as a result of a wrong diagnosis. These are: Stress fracture of the tibia and fibula, MTSS, compartment syndromes, tibialis posterior muscle syndrome, periostitis of the tibia and fatigue of the tibia. Rehabilitation and the role of the physiotherapist manifests itself through several stages. The most important are patient education, preventive measures, advisory function, proper kinesitherapy, rest, physical procedures, of which cryotherapy, electrostimulation, ultrasound therapy, and manual massage are the most important.