| Sažetak | Zrakoplovna medicina je prvobitno grana preventivne medicine čiji je zadatak poučavanje utjecaju letenja, zrakoplova i sredine u kojoj se odvija, na zdravlje i funkcioniranje ne samo pilota već i ostalih članova tima. Piloti imaju važnu zadaću u kojoj puno čimbenika može utjecati na njihovu mišićno koštanu strukturu tijela. Iz svega navedeno potrebno je obratiti veliku pozornost na prevenciju boli u vratu, kako bi piloti mogli normalno i nesmetano upravljati zrakoplovom. Osim profesionalne edukacije pilota prevencija je vrlo važna komponenta, ne samo za zdravstveno stanje pojedinca, već i za dobrobit suputnika. Prevencija cervikalne boli u pilota trebala bi započet čim prije kako ne bi došlo do pogoršanja stanja. Bol u cervikalnom dijelu kralježnice veliki je problem kod pilota u zrakoplovstvu. Piloti doživljavaju akutnu, prolaznu i kroničnu bol u vratu koja je povezana s letačkim operacijama. Bol u području cervikalne kralježnice, također može utjecati na motoričku kontrolu pilota, razinu njegove koncentracije i posturu što neminovno dovodi i do utjecaja na sigurnost letenja. Nespecifična bol ima stresogeni mehanizam nastanka, a podrijetlo i precizni patofiziološki mehanizmi kronične boli ostaju nejasni. Čimbenici rizika koji se mogu izdvojiti opisani više u radu su sile gravitacije i ubrzanja, koje su gotovo stalno prisutne. Ergonomija kokpita gdje pilot provodi sate s nagnutom glavom, letačka kaciga, kao i njezini dodatci koji doprinose težini kacige i lošoj poziciji glave i vrata, posturalnoj prilagodbi, zamoru i vibraciji uvelike utječu na cervikalnu kralježnicu u pilota. U prikazu slučaja naveden je slučaj vojnog pilota s nespecifičnom boli u vratu popraćenom glavoboljama, te cijeli rehabilitacijski proces, od kliničkog pregleda fizioterapeuta, fizioterapijske procjene i primjene postupaka. U ovom se radu najviše fokusiralo o prevenciji boli u cervikalnoj kralježnici, koja se može pojaviti zbog mnogo navedenih razloga. O ovoj temi bi se trebalo više proučavati te je ovaj završni rad samo dio problematike u svakidašnjici pilota. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Aviation medicine is originally a branch of preventive medicine whose task is to teach the impact of flying, the aircraft and the environment in which it takes place, on the health and functioning of not only the pilot but also other team members. Pilots have an important task in which many factors can affect their musculoskeletal body structure. From all of the above, it is necessary to pay great attention to the prevention of neck pain, so that pilots can operate the aircraft normally and smoothly. In addition to the professional training of pilots, prevention is a very important component, not only for the health of the individual, but also for the well-being of fellow passengers. Prevention of cervical pain in pilots should be started as soon as possible so that the condition does not worsen. Cervical spine pain is a major problem for aviation pilots. Pilots experience acute, transient, and chronic neck pain associated with flight operations. Pain in the area of the cervical spine can also affect the motor control of the pilot, his level of concentration, and posture, which inevitably leads to an impact on flight safety. Nonspecific pain has a stressogenic mechanism of origin, and the origin and precise pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic pain remain unclear. The risk factors that can be singled out, described earlier in the paper, are the forces of gravity and acceleration, which are almost constantly present. The ergonomics of the cockpit where the pilot spends hours with his head tilted, the flight helmet, as well as its accessories that contribute to the weight of the helmet and poor head and neck position, postural adjustment, fatigue, and vibration greatly affect the cervical spine in the pilot. The case report describes the case of a military pilot with non-specific pain in the neck accompanied by headaches, and the entire rehabilitation process, from the clinical examination by a physiotherapist, physiotherapy assessment and application of procedures. In this paper, the main focus was on the prevention of pain in the cervical spine, which can occur for many reasons. This topic should be studied more, and this final paper is only part of the problems in the daily life of pilots. |
