Mechanical ventilation represents a crucial segment of modern medical practice, particularly notable in intensive care and anesthesiology. This procedure involves the use of devices that fully or partially replace spontaneous breathing in patients who are critically ill or undergoing some type of surgical procedure. The initiation of mechanical ventilation support begins with the assessment of the patient's respiratory status. Some of the most common indications for initiating mechanical ventilation include acute respiratory failure, respiratory arrest, peripheral collapse, and metabolic disorders that adversely affect the adequate concentration of gases in the blood. The technology of modern ventilators provides breathing support through invasive or non-invasive methods, regulating the volume and pressure of air entering the lungs with appropriate speed and respiratory ratio. Patient care on mechanical ventilation requires continuous monitoring and adjustment of ventilator settings according to clinical indicators to ensure successful care and treatment outcomes. A positive outcome greatly depends on a well-crafted and executed healthcare process and interdisciplinary collaboration, where nurses play a significant role in monitoring vital parameters, ensuring adequate airway hygiene, and preventing complications associated with mechanical ventilation. Developing an adequate healthcare plan requires educated nurses who are familiar with the types and functioning of modern mechanical ventilation systems to ensure a positive evaluation at the end of treatment.