Infective endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium caused by microorganisms settling on a previously damaged endocardium, but it can also develop in healthy people. Native valve endocarditis can be acute and subacute. The acute one manifests itself with a rapid development of the clinical picture, within a few days already. It is accompanied by a high temperature, shaking, fast damaging of the heart's structures and a hematogenous spread of the infection to extracardiac structures. With the subacute form the clinical picture develops within a few weeks or months and it is characterized by a slight fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle pain, tachycardia, spleen enlargement... Early prosthetic valve endocarditis, which develops during the first year after the implantation, is distinguished from the late prosthetic valve endocarditis, which develops after one year. An atypical clinical picture, prosthetic valves and other intracardiac devices often make it difficult to make the diagnosis. Echocardiography and hemocultures are the basis for the diagnosis of IE. Treatment for IE involves a prolonged bactericidal medication therapy and half of all patients need to have the infected tissue surgically removed. Amoxicillin is the preferred medication for IE prophylaxis for patients who are not allergic to penicillin, whereas it is recommended to treat patients who have had allergic reactions to penicillin with erythromycin or clindamycin per os or vancomycin intravenous. Patients at a high risk of developing IE should receive antibiotic prophylaxis. Among them are patients with prosthetic heart valves, those who had already had IE, patients with complex congenital heart diseases with cyanosis, ductus arteriosus persistents, aortic coarctation, surgically made systemic - pulmonary shunts. Antibiotic prophylaxis is carried out prior to the following dental procedures: tooth extraction, periodontal procedures, putting dental implants, tooth replantation, endodontic treatments, incisions, drainage, intraligamentary injection of local anesthetic. The role of the nurse is to work on the improvement of oral health of the patients on a daily basis and so reduce the need for dental procedures which can cause bacteriemia and development of IE.