Title Rehabilitacija pacijenta nakon ozljede prednjeg križnog ligamenta Title (english) Rehabilitation of a patient after anterior cruciate ligament injury Author Mislav Mlinarec Mentor Željko Jeleč (mentor)Committee member Ivana Herak (predsjednik povjerenstva) Committee member Željko Jeleč (član povjerenstva)Committee member Jasminka Potočnjak (član povjerenstva) Granter University North Defense date and country 2022-09-09, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Zglob koljena najsloženiji je zglob u ljudskom tijelu te je također zglob koji se najčešće ozljeđuje. Odgovoran je za kretanje te za potporu tijela tijekom raznih rutinskih, ali i teških aktivnosti. Anatomska struktura koljena koja se najčešće ozljeđuje zasigurno je prednji križni ligament. Ova ozljeda je rijetko izolirana te je često udružena sa ozljedom medijalnog kolateralnog ligamenta te ozljedom medijalnog meniska (zlokobni trijas). Ruptura prednjeg križnog ligamenta može biti potpuna ili
... More djelomična, a simptomi ozljede uključuju bol, oticanje koljena te poteškoće prilikom hodanja. Do same ozljede dolazi zbog hiperekstenzije koljena ili kod flektiranog koljena prilikom pomaka femura odnosno bedrene kosti prema natrag na fiksiranoj tibiji. Isto tako, ozljeda se može desiti prilikom kontakta, ali i beskontaktno. Ozljede bez kontakta su češće. Procjena ozljede prednjeg križnog ligamenta uključuje anamnezu te fizikalni pregled koji je dodatno upotpunjen testovima. Tri testa koja se najčešće koriste kod procjene i pregleda su Lachman test, pivot shift test te test prednje ladice. Osim toga, prilikom same dijagnoze ozljede koriste se rendgen te magnetska rezonanca. Liječenje ozljede prednjeg križnog ligamenta može biti operativno te konzervativno. Odabir liječenja nije jednak za svaku osobu. Čimbenici koje treba uzeti u obzir uključuju dob, težinu ozljede, razinu aktivnosti osobe te povezane ozljede meniska i ostalih struktura koljena. Operativno liječenje izvodi se artroskopski, puknuti ligament zamjenjuje se presatkom napravljenim od tetive. Rehabilitacija ozljede prednjeg križnog ligamenta može biti predoperativna i postoperativna. Postoperativna rehabilitacija može se podijeliti u četiri faze. To su rana faza, srednja faza, napredna faza te faza povratka u aktivnost. Rehabilitacijom moramo pacijentu omogućiti povratak u njegove aktivnosti koje je imao prije nastanka ozljede. Važnost rehabilitacijskog programa je da zaštiti i održi popravak ligamenta, te da održi fizičko i psihičko stanje pacijenta. Neke od terapijskih tehnika koje se koriste kod ove ozljede su hidroterapija, krioterapija, elektrostimulacija te magnetoterapija. Oporavak varira ovisno o pojedincu, njegovim namjerama za kasniji život te dakako o fizičkom stanju odnosno spremnosti. Rehabilitacija traje sve dok se osoba u potpunosti ne oporavi te se ne vrati normalnom izvođenju aktivnosti. Kod aktivnih sportaša rehabilitacija će trajati kraće, dok će kod rekreativaca rehabilitacija biti duža. Less Abstract (english) The knee joint is the most complex joint in the human body and is also the joint that is most often injured. It is responsible for movement and for supporting the body during various routine as well as difficult activities. The anatomical structure of the knee that is most often injured is certainly the anterior cruciate ligament. This injury is rarely isolated and is often associated with an injury of the medial collateral ligament and an injury of the medial meniscus. A rupture of the
... More anterior cruciate ligament can be complete or partial and symptoms of the injury include pain, swelling of the knee and difficult walking. The injury occurs due to hyperextension of the knee or in the case of a flexed knee when femur is moved backwards on the fixed tibia. Injury can occur during contact but also without contact. Non-contact injuries are more common. Assessment of an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament includes history and physical examination, which is additionally completed with tests. The three most commonly used tests for assessment and examination are Lachman test, pivot shift test and front drawer test. In addition, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging are used during the actual diagnosis of the injury. Treatment of injury of the anterior cruciate ligament can be operative or conservative. The choice of treatment is not the same for every person. Factors to consider include age, severity of the injury, the person's activity level and associated injuries of the meniscus and other structures of the knee. Operative treatment is performed arthroscopically, the ruptured ligament is replaced with a tendon graft. Rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament injury can be preoperative and postoperative. Postoperative rehabilitation can be divided into four phases. These are the early phase, the middle phase, the advanced phase and the phase of returning to activity. With rehabilitation, we must enable the patient to return to his activities that he had before the injury. The importance of the rehabilitation program is to protect and maintain ligament repair, and to maintain the patient's physical and psychological condition. Some of the therapeutic techniques used for this injury are hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, electrostimulation and magnetotherapy. Recovery varies depending on the individual, his intentions for later life and, of course, his physical condition or readiness. Rehabilitation lasts until the person fully recovers and returns to normal performance of activities. For active athletes, rehabilitation will take less time, while for recreational athletes, rehabilitation will be longer. Less Keywords
prednji križni ligament
ozljeda
rehabilitacija
Keywords (english)
anterior cruciate ligament
injury
rehabilitation
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:122:895046 Study programme Title: physiotherapy Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-12-05 11:37:18
