| Abstract | Alzheimerova bolest je bolest stanica okolnih struktura i moždane kore, a karakterizira je brza progresivnost i ireverzibilnost te oštećenja živčanih stanica. To je teška i duga bolest, za sada neizlječiva, iscrpljujuća za oboljelog i njegovu obitelj. Manifestira se kao zaboravljivost, izgubljenost u vremenu i prostoru, nemogućnost samostalnog življenja, što dovodi do potpune ovisnosti o stalnoj skrbi i njezi druge osobe. Javlja se i socijalna izoliranost oboljelog i njegove obitelji jer ponašanja oboljelog postaju neprihvatljivaza društvo. Uzrok bolesti je do sada nepoznat ali postoji čitav niz teorija, od genetike, moždanih deficita, prolaznih patoloških stanja organizma itd.
Znakovi i simptomi su: poteškoće u izvršavanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti, poremećaj pamćenja, poteškoće govora, čitanja i pisanja, gubitak prostorne i vremenske orijentacije, pogrešne procjene i odluke, poremećaj apstraktnog mišljenja, učestalo gubljenje stvari, promjene raspoloženja i ponašanja, promjena osobnosti, gubitak koncentracije i interesa.
Skrb medicinske sestre u zbrinjavanju oboljelog od Alzheimerove bolesti počinje već u prvoj fazi gdje ona educira, savjetuje te upućuje obitelj. U drugoj fazi njega podrazumijeva više sestrinskih intervencija, a u trećoj fazi smatra se da je skrb medicinske sestre neizbježna i prijeko potrebna. |
| Abstract (english) | Alzhemire’s disease is a cell disease of surrounding structures and cerebral cortex. Its main characteristic is a fast progressiveness and ireversibility and nerve cell damage. Its a hard and long disease, for now incurable, exhausting for the sufferer and his family. It manifests itself as forgetfulness of time and space, it is impossible to live alone what brings to complete addiction of a constant care of another person, social isolation of the affected person and his family because the of the affected becomes unacceptable for the society. The cause is unknown for now, but exists a whole series of theories. From genetics, brain deficits, transitory pathological states of the organism etc.
Signs and simptoms are; difficulties in performing daily activities, memory disorders dificulties with speaking, reading and writing, lost of orientation, wrong estimates and decisions, frequent loss of things, mood swings and behavior,change of personality, loss of interest and concentration.
The nursing care of Alzheimer’s patient begins already in the first stage where she educates and advises and directs the family. In the second stage the role implies more nursing interventions and the third stage it is considered that nursing care is inevitable and necessary. |
