Gestational diabetes appears for the first time during pregnancy and is characterized by impaired blood glucose tolerance. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes is complex and the etiology is still under investigation and has not been fully elucidated. Human placental lactogen, estrogen, progesterone, free cortisol and placental insulin are thought to be the causes of relative insulin resistance. In 1980 and with the revision from 1985, the World Health Organization divided diabetes into: diabetes and pregnancy, gestational diabetes and glucose intolerance. According to the time of onset and duration of the disease, there is a subclassification according to Priscilla White. Diabetes is a disease that causes significant changes in the homeostasis of the mother and the fetus. Consequently they affect the intrauterine and postnatal development of the fetus. They cause numerous complications in the mother's body during childbirth and later after pregnancy. Mothers with diabetes give birth to children with excessive birth weight which is called macrosomia. Diabetes can be detected systematically by testing sugar in the urine, monitoring the weight of the mother and the volume of the fetus. The most common test used to control blood sugar in pregnant women is the glucose load test (oGTT). Gestational diabetes goes away after pregnancy. Predisposing risk factors are: overweight/obesity, Western diet, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, mother's older age, family and personal medical history and ethnicity. The diabetes treatment plan is determined by the doctor and the health care team using an individual plan for each pregnant woman. Such a multidisciplinary plan includes the use of contraception, a complete medical examination, regular sugar measurement, meal planning and regular exercise. Insulin regimens consist of short, intermediate and long-acting. The type, dose and time of insulin is determined according to the time and severity of hyperglycemia, but the treatment is individually adapted to each pregnant woman. Treatment methods for gestational diabetes include self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, diet modification and monitoring, and lifestyle changes. Physiotherapy is a complex work process of a physiotherapist in which certain procedures are carried out during the stages of assessment, intervention and evaluation. The aim of the assessment is to assess the current state of the pregnant woman and create a therapy program based on measurements and functional testing. Aerobic exercises, strength exercises, stretching, flexibility and breathing exercises are recommended for pregnant women with gestational diabetes at least three times a week.