| Abstract | Stopalo je sastavni dio hoda koji je osnovna aktivnost svakodnevnog života čovjeka te je kao takvo podložno raznim pritiscima, bolovima i posljedično tome deformacijama. Neke deformacije je moguće primijetiti odmah po rođenju djeteta dok su neke teško prepoznatljive i potreban je pregled kod pedijatra.
Kod fizioterapijske procjene za sam položaj stopala rade se plantografija i pedobarografija kao najčešće metode procjene. Uz njih postoje i 3 metode kojima se također može odrediti odstupanje od normale i na temelju toga se prepisuje određena terapija s vježbama.
Uz procjenu stopala radi se i SOAP procjena, odnosno subjektivni i objektivni pregled koji se provode uz razgovor s djetetom ili roditeljem ukoliko je dijete malo i ne govori. Zatim se provodi inspekcija i palpacija stopala da se utvrdi ima li kakvih nepravilnosti ili kožnih tegoba. Nakon odrađenog SOAP modela procjene provodi se analiza hoda. Mjerenjem opsega pokreta u zglobovima i mjerenjem snage mišića stopala za određeni pokret u stopalu završava se fizioterapijska procjena nakon koje slijedi fizioterapijska intervencija.
Fizioterapijska intervencija sastoji se od vježbi jačanja i istezanja stopala kao i od vježbi za balans i koordinaciju stopala. Tim vježbama se postiže bolja stabilnost zglobova, jačanje mišića te prevencije od uganuća i ozljeda. U novije vrijeme se često koristi i kinezi taping koji smanjuje bol ali i poboljšava protok cirkulacije i služi za smanjenje edema i hematoma. Masaža stopala je metoda kojom se prvenstveno relaksira napeti mišić i protok krvi se poveća te dolazi do smanjenja boli. U preventivne mjere spadaju ortopedski ulošci i cipele koji se već koriste u ranom djetinjstvu ukoliko postoji potreba. |
| Abstract (english) | The foot is the main part of walking, which is the basic activity of a person's daily life, and as such is subject to various pressures, pains and, consequently, deformations. Some deformities can be noticed immediately after the birth of the child, while some are difficult to recognize and require an examination by a pediatrician.
In the physiotherapy assessment for the foot position itself, plantography and pedobarography are performed as the most common assessment methods. In addition to them, there are 3 methods that can also be used to determine the deviation from the norm, and based on this, a certain therapy with exercises is prescribed.
In addition to the foot assessment, there is also a SOAP assessment, i.e. a subjective and objective examination, which is carried out along with a conversation with the child or the parent if the child is small and does not speak. The feet are then inspected and palpated to determine if there are any irregularities or skin complaints. After the SOAP assessment model has been developed, gait analysis is performed. By measuring the range of motion in the joints and measuring the strength of the foot muscles for a specific movement in the foot, a physiotherapy assessment is completed, followed by a physiotherapy intervention.
Physiotherapy intervention consists of foot strengthening and stretching exercises as well as foot balance and coordination exercises. These exercises achieve better joint stability, muscle strengthening and prevention of sprains and injuries. In recent times, kinesi taping is also often used, which reduces pain but also improves circulation and serves to reduce edema and hematoma. Foot massage is a method that primarily relaxes tense muscles and increases blood flow, reducing pain. Preventive measures include orthopedic insoles and shoes that are already used in early childhood if there is a need. |
