| Abstract | Toxoplasma gondii je parazit koji je pronađen gotovo kod svih toplokrvnih životinja, ptica, tako i u čovjeka [1]. T. gondii je protozoa koja uzrokuje parazitarnu bolest toksoplazmozu. Pojavljuje se kao kongenitalna, transplacentarno prenesena infekcija ili stečena toksoplazmoza. Kod stečene toksoplazmoze nemamo izražene simptome ili oni mogu biti vrlo blagi, ali kod imunokompromitiranih osoba može izazvati teške komplikacije [2] . Domaće mačke i ostale životinje iz porodice mačaka su konačni nositelji parazita T. gondii te se u njih odvija spolno razmnožavanje parazita. Ostale životinje i čovjek su samo prijelazni nositelji.
U svrhu izrade ovog završnog rada, napravljeno je istraživanje pod nazivom “Razina znanja, te stavovi i percepcija trudnica i majki o parazitu Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)“. Anketni upitnik sadržavao je 19 pitanja, sudjelovalo je 120 ispitanica, a za njegovo rješavanje potrebno je bilo izdvojiti oko 5 do 10 minuta. Anketni upitnik bio je proveden od 29. rujna do 11. listopada 2023. godine.
Dobiveni podatci pokazatelji su da edukacija žena za vrijeme trudnoće i prije trudnoće nije adekvatna i potpuna. Potrebno je napredovanje u samoj primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti i javnozdravstvena je poruka za potrebe za više edukacija o određenim infekcijama.
Stoga, razina znanja trudnica i majki o ovom parazitu ključna je za prevenciju infekcije, a trudnice bi trebale biti informirane i upućene o načinima prijenosa, prepoznavanju simptoma te mjerama prevencije. Edukacija i svijest o rizicima mogu utjecati na promjenu ponašanja i pridržavanja preventivnih mjera, zato je ovdje bitna uloga prvostupnice sestrinstva da edukacijom trudnica spriječimo infekciju ovim parazitom, a najbitnije je od svega pridržavanje preventivnih mjera, a jedna je od najjeftinijih opcija. Stavovi i percepcija trudnica i majki o ovom parazitu imaju značajnu ulogu u zaštiti njih i njihovih obitelji od toksoplazmoze.
Na temelju istraživanja koje je provedeno, možemo zaključiti da je mali broj ispitanica informirano i upućeno o toksoplazmozi, isto tako mali broj ispitanica je testirano na antitijela IgG i igM protiv T. gondii za dijagnosticiranje toksoplazmoze, što je zabrinjavajući podatak. Trebalo bi podići svijest javnosti o štetnosti zaraze parazitom T. gondii tijekom trudnoće te podići razinu znanja o preventivnim mjerama što je najjeftinija i najbrža solucija za cijelu populaciju te bi pogodovalo u zaštiti djece, majki i obitelji. |
| Abstract (english) | Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite found in almost all warm-blooded animals, birds, and humans. T. gondii is a protozoan that causes the parasitic disease toxoplasmosis. In humans, it appears in three forms, as congenital, transplacentally transmitted infection or acquired toxoplasmosis. With acquired toxoplasmosis, we have no pronounced symptoms or they can be very mild, but in immunocompromised people it can cause severe complications. Domestic cats and other animals from the feline family are the final carriers of the T. gondii parasite, and sexual reproduction of the parasite takes place in them. Other animals and man are only transitional carriers.
For the purpose of creating this thesis, a research study entitled "Knowledge level, attitudes and perceptions of pregnant women and mothers about the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)" was conducted. The survey questionnaire contained 19 questions, 120 respondents participated, and it took about 5 to 10 minutes to solve it. The survey questionnaire was conducted from September 29 to October 11, 2023.
The obtained data are indicators that the education of women during pregnancy and before pregnancy is not adequate and complete. Advancement is needed in primary health care itself, and there is a public health message for the need for more education about certain infections.
Therefore, the level of knowledge of pregnant women and mothers about this parasite is crucial for the prevention of infection, and pregnant women should be informed and instructed about the ways of transmission, recognition of symptoms and prevention measures. Education and awareness of the risks can affect behavior change and adherence to preventive measures, that is why the role of the bachelor's degree in nursing is important here to prevent infection with this parasite by educating pregnant women, and the most important thing is to adhere to preventive measures, and it is one of the cheapest options. The attitudes and perceptions of pregnant women and mothers about this parasite play a significant role in protecting them and their families from toxoplasmosis.
Based on the research conducted, we can conclude that a small number of subjects were informed and educated about toxoplasmosis, and a small number of subjects were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii to diagnose toxoplasmosis, which is worrying information. Public awareness should be raised about the harmfulness of infection with the parasite T. gondii during pregnancy and the level of knowledge about preventive measures should be raised, which is the cheapest and fastest solution for the entire population and would be beneficial in protecting children, mothers and families. |
