Oral hormonal contraception (OHC) is the most popular reversible contraceptive method. It became available in the 1960s in the United States (USA) and has been in use for more than 50 years. Oral contraceptives are quickly and gladly accepted because they enabled reliable separation of sexual life and reproduction. For the first time in history, women came to the ability to control their own fertility. The English magazine The Economist called oral hormonal contraceptives one of the seven wonders of the modern world and an invention that is defined the 20th century. According to the data, since the beginning of the use of OHC until today, it has been used by more than 300 million women. It is estimated that nowadays approximately 100 million women worldwide use it, most predominantly in developed western countries. Almost half of female athletes use hormonal contraception, and in this thesis we will look at whether its use can affect athletic performance. In studies conducted, the impact of appropriate hormonal contraception with a previously studied medical history and physician consultation do not have a significant impact on athletic performance and competitive performance. The main reason is the modernization of health care and drugs also, is birth control pills in which nowadays there is a lower dose of hormones that could or once did lead to various risks and side effects.