The final thesis describes fractures of the lower leg, the anatomy and physiology of the lower leg, causes and types of fractures, diagnostic methods, and conservative and surgical treatment methods. The introductory section of the paper provides general information about the anatomy of the lower leg, including the anatomy of the shinbone (tibia), calf bone (fibula), muscles of the lower leg, as well as the blood vessels and nerves of the lower leg. The following section of the paper describes the causes and types of lower leg fractures. This includes fractures in children, the clinical presentation and signs of fractures, as well as fracture diagnostics. Additionally, the paper includes guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for managing fractures and the AO (German Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen) fracture classification. A more detailed description of lower leg fractures follows, divided into three parts: fractures of the proximal third, diaphysis, and distal third of the lower leg. Characteristics and specificities are described for each type of fracture. The paper outlines treatment methods for lower leg fractures. Conservative treatment includes immobilization and the application of casts, while surgical methods are based on internal fixation (use of metal implants) and external fixation (application of external materials for stabilization). Treatment methods and procedures are described for each type of fracture. In the research section of the paper, an anonymous survey was conducted in the Emergency Surgical Clinic with a casting room at the General Hospital Varaždin from December 19, 2022, to June 19, 2023. A total of 100 individuals with lower leg fractures participated in the study. The participants were patients with plaster immobilization of the lower leg in the Emergency Surgical Clinic of the General Hospital Varaždin. The aim of the research is to gather information about the comfort of the applied plaster immobilizations of the lower leg in our institution and the potential complications of such immobilization.