Tracheotomy is a crucial surgical intervention that ensures airway patency in situations where conventional breathing methods are insufficient. This procedure is vital in various clinical situations, including severe airway obstructions, the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation, and serious traumas that threaten the respiratory system. Understanding the indications for performing a tracheotomy, the technique itself, and the possible complications and long-term consequences is essential for successfully managing this procedure. A tracheotomy is performed when other breathing methods are ineffective, and the indications include tumors, trauma, or severe allergic reactions that cause airway obstructions. The procedure can be planned or performed as an emergency, depending on the patient's condition. Postoperative care is of utmost importance to prevent complications such as infections and mechanical problems. Patient and family education plays a key role in maintaining the tracheostomy and ensuring the long-term success of the intervention. Although tracheotomy carries certain risks, proper management of this procedure significantly contributes to saving lives and improving the quality of life for patients with severe respiratory problems.