Bone fracture (fracture) is interruption of the bone caused by force, which can be direct or indirect. Traumatical fracture occurs when a mechanical force affects a healthy bone. It can be closed bone fracture where integrity of the skin is preserved and open bone fracture or complicated where integrity of the skin is interrupted with more damage to the soft tissue and a strong possibility of infection. The tibia fractures are one of the most common bone fractures and take about 15% of all fractures. Clinical picture shows us pain, swelling in the area of the fracture due to bleeding and deformity of the lower leg. Diagnosis of fracture is set clinicaly and by an x-ray. There are certain and uncertain clinical signs of a bone fracture. In the treatment of lower leg fractures, the following principles should be followed: limb should be able to complete physiological function with suitable therapy as soon as possible. There are two ways in treating a fracture: 1) conservative treatment, treatment without surgery, and 2) surgical treatment of fracture. With these two basic ways of treating a fracture, there is also a treatment with permanent extension, which is, by its nature as a method of treatment, in the middle of the (border) between the conservative and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment is based on three principles (3R) set by Bohler. These are: 1) reposition, 2) immobilization (retention), and 3) exercise (rehabilitation). Osteosynthesis is a surgical procedure that merges and consolidates bone fragments after fracture, using implants of special types of steel or alloy (weakened titanium ) in order to achieve a permanent position of the bone. It enables healing of fractures by establishing normal anatomical relationships and rapid function return of the injured limb. Preoperative nursing preparation consists of two parts: mental and physical preparation. The main goal of psychological preparation is reducing the intensity of anxiety and education on preoperative preparation, the operating protocol and the outcome of the surgery and the possible complications. Physical preparation begins a day or two before surgery. The goal of the post-operative care is early detection and prevention of possible postoperative complications, observation and monitoring of motor skills and sensory function, control of vital functions, laboratory parameters and body fluid balance control. Physical therapy begins the first postoperative day. The purpose of the rehabilitation is to get the patient back in the condition in which he/she was before the surgical treatment.