Rare diseases, whose group also belongs to the Prune Belly syndrome, are defined as diseases whose incidence in the population is less than 5 individuals per 10000 population. A large number of rare diseases, almost 80%, have a defined cause of their occurrence, but still remain a part of them whose mechanism of development, despite the advancement of medicine, is unknown to this day. Health Care of a Child Affected by Prune Belly Syndrome requires special approaches and skills to provide the utmost care. Prune Belly syndrome belongs to the category of rare congenital anomalies. Syndrome is characterized by complete or partial lack of abdominal muscles, failure of the testicles and malformation of the urinary tract due to which a number of disorders occur in the functioning of the aforementioned systems. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms. The health care of a child suffering from the Prune Belly Syndrome is complex and includes a range of interventions needed to provide quality care. Knowing the peculiarities of a child's body has a major role in planning health care. Nursing diagnosis in a child with Prune Belly Syndrome is focused on solving problems caused by changes in the respiratory and urinary system. Functioning of the respiratory tract of a child with PBS due to a number of factors may be impaired. One of the major problems is the possibility of hypoxia resulting from lung dislocation. PBS is more commonly associated with the secretion of secretions in the airways because of the weakness of the muscles involved in breathing the same illness. Within the urinary system, hydronephrosis and vesicouretral reflux occur and there is a high risk of infection within the urinary tract. In addition to offering a health care to a child, which is specific and represents a challenge, it is necessary to develop a partner relationship with the family to ensure that all aspects of health care are met.