Melanoma is one of the most malignant tumors of the skin and mucous membranes that arises from the pigment cells of melanocytes. The biological behavior of malignant melanoma shows a tendency to lymphogenic and hematogenous spread of the disease and for this reason it belongs to the group of the most aggressive tumors in the human population. It is usually dark brown to blue- black in color, and metastasizes to visceral organs such as the brain, lungs, liver, and bones, and to nonvisceral organs, skin, and lymph nodes. The empirical part of the paper presents and analyzes the results of the research on the knowledge of the general population about melanoma, prevention measures, the perception of the screening program and the method of treatment, as well as the life habits of staying in the sun. In the research, a survey questionnaire was used as a survey instrument, which was solved voluntarily. Respondents gave answers in bulk in one place via the online google form. The survey questionnaire consisted of four parts with a total of 20 questions. The survey was conducted during September 2021. The general population of the Republic of Croatia, a large sample of 584 respondents, participated in the research. The results show that the general population has correct attitudes about melanoma. Respondents are aware of the need to conduct preventive examinations of moles from an early age and that one skin burn up to the age of fifteen carries a higher risk of developing melanoma in adulthood (σ2 = 0, 446). Due to the new change, almost all subjects would go to the doctor (σ2 = 0, 253) and almost all would agree to a skin biopsy and send the sample to the laboratory for analysis under a microscope (σ2 = 0, 277). We conclude that public health actions are still important to us, we need to work more on creativity in the form of skin self-examination workshops as well as education on photoprotection, how to apply protective products and how to wear protective clothing and headgear. We must also rely on educating children and parents about the harmful effects of sun exposure and proper photoprotection to reduce the incidence of melanoma in later life. We must not forget the elderly who need to be careful when photoexposing because the cumulative sun also participates in the incidence of melanoma.