Spina bifida is a complex congenital deformity that usually affects the vertebrae, spinal cord and brain. Contractures, hip dislocations, scoliosis and kyphosis are common, along with hydrocephalus and bladder and bowel dysfunction. . There are 3 types of spina bifida: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. The exact cause of spina bifida is unknown, but there are many environmental and genetic factors that can be potential risk factors. One of the risk factors is the lack of folic acid. Folic acid, the natural form of vitamin B-9, is important for healthy child development. Children with spina bifida have a lower-than-normal brainstem that presses on the upper part of the spinal cord in the neck, and almost all people born with myelomeningocele have a Chiari malformation. . About 85-90% of people with spina bifida also have hydrocephalus. This neurological disorder occurs when excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in cavities in the brain called ventricles. Almost all children with spina bifida will have bladder problems. Bladder function is controlled by nerves at the base of the spinal cord, and nerve damage can interrupt the transmission of information from the brain to any part of the urinary tract. In people with spina bifida, the damaged nerves may not control the muscles properly. The location of the lesions on the back determines which muscles in the trunk and legs work. As a general rule, the lower the lesion, the more likely the leg muscles will function. People with SB have higher rates of anxiety and depression than the general population. It is important to assess the mental health of patients transitioning from a multidisciplinary pediatric model of care to an adult model of care. Imaging of the spinal cord by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging is very important, and even children with very small findings on the skin can have spinal cord abnormalities. Damage to the nervous system can progress if surgical treatment is not performed immediately. Treatment requires the combined efforts of specialists in several fields; an initial assessment by a neurosurgeon, urologist, orthopedist, pediatrician and social worker is important. The role of physiotherapists in the early care of children with spina bifida, but also in adults, is important because it helps to develop effective and purposeful movements that can be incorporated into everyday tasks.