Despite increasing recognition and attention to chronic kidney disease in health care, kidney failure remains a public health problem worldwide. Kidney failure is a temporary or permanent loss of the excretory function of the kidney, that is, the inability of the kidney to excrete toxic substances and excess fluid from the body. Dialysis is a process that removes waste products and excess water from the body and it replaces the lack of kidney function in the final stage of chronic kidney disease or acute kidney failure. Hemodialysis is a procedure of extracorporeal purification of the patient's blood. Effective treatment of renal failure with hemodialysis depends on reliable vascular access that allows blood exchange several times together. Vascular access can be arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, and central venous catheter (temporary or permanent). An arteriovenous fistula is a surgically created opening between an artery that is anastomosed to an adjacent vein, which allows arterial blood to flow under high pressure in the vein, thus causing expansion and thickening of the wall. An arteriovenous graft is an implant that connects an artery and a vein by placing a synthetic tube with a diameter of 4-8 mm, usually in the upper extremities. Central venous catheters can be temporary, which are usually used when vascular access is needed for emergency hemodialysis, in the case of acute renal insufficiency, when waiting for maturation of the AV fistula or when all other access options are used, and permanent, which are made of softer material and are placed under the skin, most often in the jugular vein, from where they pass to the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava before ending up in the right atrium. This paper aims to describe individual vascular accesses, which complications can develop with each approach, the implementation of healthcare and the maintenance of individual access, which affects the choice of arterial access, and to show the frequency of individual vascular access, the characteristics and complications of the vascular accesses in the Hemodialysis Center of the General Hospital Varaždin. . Research conducted at the Hemodialysis Center of Varaždin General Hospital in the period from January 1, 2022. until 1.8.2022. included 76 patients. The most common vascular access is an arteriovenous fistula, but there is also a large percentage of patients who come to their first hemodialysis with unprepared vascular access, so a temporary central venous catheter is placed. The most common complication of the arteriovenous fistula is the formation of a hematoma, an infection of the central catheter.