In this final paper entitled Advantages and Disadvantages of surgical tracheotomy compared with percutaneous tracheotomy, represent the knowledge on access to life-threatened patients with shortness of breath and insufficient breathing, and displays the measures and procedures required in an emergency establishing a patent airway in vulnerable patients. The paper presents the history and development of tracheotomy as operational method. In addition, includes the non-invasive and invasive methods of maintaining patent airway in vulnerable patients, particularly emergency and surgical tracheotomy. Furthermore, this work described the postoperative complications, which might be developed in patients with tracheotomy. Detailed description of postoperative care in tracheotomized patients, displays all kinds of standard and special cannulas, which are in use today. Additionally, work is describing rehabilitation methods for lack of laryngeal speech in laryngectomized patients. Patient with a tracheostomy has a sense of insecurity, depression and helplessness, but also has a fair handicap in communication with the environment, and social contact. One chapter speaks with the psychosocial aspects of the disease in patients after tracheotomy. Research backup of work contained comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of surgical tracheotomy compared with percutaneous tracheotomy. Percutaneous dilatation tracheotomy is often performed in critically ill, because of the execution simplicity, the numerous benefits, however, can be accompanied by the presence of complications, which are, on the other side, generally rare, and can be effectively cure.