The inflammation of meninges that surround the brain is called meningitis. We differentiate acute from chronic meningitis; in cases of acute meningitis, the infection develops quickly, while in chronic meningitis, the disease develops over weeks. Meningitis most commonly occurs as bacterial and viral. With bacterial meningitis, the infection primarily occurs on other body organs, and the bacteria enter to the brain via blood. Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection and an emergent condition that needs to be recognized as soon as possible, as well as treated with antibiotics that are given depending on the cause. Otherwise, bacterial meningitis leaves serious consequences and can be lethal. The most common causes of bacterial meningitis are Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitidis. Viral meningitis is a lighter form and is most commonly treated symptomatically. The patients often recover fully but, in rare cases, complications can occur. The most common causes of viral meningitis are enteroviruses (most often echo and Coxackie viruses), mumps virus, herpes simplex virus type 2, Epstein- Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Typical symptoms of meningitis are headache, fever, vomiting, and neck stiffness. Some patients will experience all of the symptoms, while other may suffer only from a handful of them. At diagnosing meningitis, the most efficient method is a lumbar puncture, during which the cerebrospinal fluid is taken, and during the analysis the cause is extracted. Due to the development of medicine, the vaccines are also increasingly available, and the vaccine is the best prevention of meningitis. The role of a highly educated nurse in treating a meningitis patient is providing adequate care, prescribed therapy, around the clock monitoring of the patient, while also providing psychological care and educating him and his family.