In this thesis, using theory and examples, I attempted to explain why thermal and sound insulation are essential for a comfortable life in buildings. There are different materials that are used for heat and sound insulation, and they can be natural or processed with various technological processes in order to improve their properties. Different materials are used for different purposes, and therefore it is important to be familiar with their properties and modes of application. The need for knowledge of the thermal insulating material comes from the fact that a large proportion of housing costs is associated with energy losses. Therefore, this paper distinguishes different materials, and describes their advantages and disadvantages. The work is divided into several sections. The introduction briefly describes the importance of thermal and sound insulation. The second section describes the purpose of thermal insulation, while a third says about the division of thermal insulating material and describes various selected thermal insulation materials. The fourth unit describes the purpose of sound insulation of the building, while the fifth states classification, properties and types of sound-insulating material. In the end there is the conclusion which is written as a review of the entire work.